The architecture in the Age of Enlightenment and Neoclassicism: themes,
models,debates
Industrial Revolution and architecture
The Picturesque,the Revivalism,the Eclecticism
The reform of applied arts
The American architecture
The Art Nouveau and the Sezessionen
The avant-gardes
The architecture between New Classicism and Rationalism
The crisis of the Modern Movement
The architecture in the age of Postmodern.
R. Middleton, D. Watkin, Architettura dell’Ottocento, Milano, Electa, 1980
B. Bergdoll, European architecture 1750-1890, Oxford, Oxford University
Press, 2000
M. Tafuri, F. Dal Co, Architettura contemporanea, Milano, Electa, 1976
W.J.R. Curtis, L’architettura moderna del Novecento, Milano, Bruno
Mondadori, 1999
B. Zevi, Storia dell’architettura moderna, Torino, Einaudi, 2004
L. Benevolo, Storia dell’architettura moderna, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1999
G. Fanelli, R. Gargiani, Storia dell’architettura contemporanea, Roma-
Bari, Laterza, 1998
Learning Objectives - Last names A-G
The course provides a critical view on the history of western architecture
from the mid eighteenth century until the eighties of the twentieth
century, focusing on the fundamental changes that occurred during this
period in order to design, build and receiving the architecture.
At the conclusion of the course, students must demonstrate:
a) knowledges on historical and cultural events during the periods and in
the areas considered by the course
b) sufficient knowledges on the techniques, functions and formal
language of architecture during the periods and in the areas examined by
the course
c) sufficient knowledges about the events of the masters and the main
works of architecture during the periods and in the areas considered by
the course
d) to pass judgments on spatial, aesthetic, technical and social qualities
of the architecture during the periods and in the areas examined by the
course
e) to use appropriate language to the topic and content, and appropriate
communication techniques (written reports, accompanied by notes and
bibliography)
f) to possess the tools to expand and update their knowledge, integrating
the literature suggested by the course, gathering collections of images
and drawings, exercising the critical faculties on topics not covered by
the course.
Prerequisites - Last names A-G
Course "History of Architecture 1". Historical and geographical
knowledges on periods, areas and main cities surveyed by the course.
Teaching Methods - Last names A-G
The course is holded through lectures and guided tours.
Type of Assessment - Last names A-G
Oral examination, in which the student must demonstrate adequate
knowledge of the topics covered during the course.
Course program - Last names A-G
The course covers general topics of the history of architecture during the last 250 years. Lectures on aesthetic conceptions, theories, movements, languages will alternate with lectures on personalities and works considered to be particularly significant. The topics that will be addressed during the course are summarized below.
Architecture in the Age of Enlightenment and Neoclassicism: General concepts and problems.
b. The influence of archeology and history. Johannes Joachim Winckelmann, Giambattista Piranesi, James Stuart.
c. Classicism, functionalism and visionary architecture in France. Claude Perrault, Marc-Antoine Laugier, Jacques-Germain Soufflot, Claude-Nicolas Ledoux, Etienne-Louis Boullée.
d. Neopalladianism, Picturesque and Revivalism in Britain. Lord Burlington, the Greek Revival, Robert Adam, John Nash, John Soane, the Gothic Revival.
e. Neoclassicism in Germany. Karl Friedrich Schinkel and Leo von Klenze.
f. Morality and architecture. Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin and John Ruskin.
g. New materials and engineering culture for a new language.
Henry Labrouste, Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc, Gustave Eiffel,
Auguste Perret.
h. The relationship between architecture and applied arts. Gottfried Semper, William Morris, the Arts and Crafts movement, Charles Rennie Mackintosh, the Deutscher Werkbund, the Bauhaus.
i. The renewal of architecture through the all-encompassing concept art. Victor Horta, Hector Guimard, Henry Van de Velde, Otto Wagner, the Viennese Secession, Antoni Gaudì, Expressionism.
j. The formal purification. Adolf Loos.
k. Industrial civilization and architecture. Tony Garnier, Peter Behrens, the Futurism, Constructivism.
l. American architecture in the second half of the nineteenth century. The case of Chicago. Louis Sullivan.
m. The introduction of new spatial horizons. Frank Lloyd Wright, Theo van Doesburg and the De Stijl movement.
n. The rationalist approach to architecture. Walter Gropius, Ludwig Mies
van der Rohe, Le Corbusier.
o. Italian architecture between the two world wars. Marcello Piacentini, Giuseppe Terragni, Giovanni Michelucci.
p. Scandinavian architecture. Alvar Aalto.
q. US architecture between Rationalism, International Style and beyond. The work of the immigrant European masters (Richard Neutra, Walter Gropius, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe), the last Wright, Louis Kahn, Philip Johnson.
r. The crisis of the Modern Movement. The neorealist architecture, OskarNiemeyer, the last Le Corbusier, English Brutalism, Aldo Van Eyck.
s. The utopias of the second half of the twentieth century. The Archigram group, the Metabolism group.
t. The reintroduction of History. Carlo Scarpa, Robert Venturi, Aldo Rossi, the architecture of post-modernity.
In particular, non-superficial knowledge is required (and therefore comprising the chronology, the distributive and structural characters, the materials, spatial and formal aspects) of the following works:
1. Lord Burlington, Assembly Rooms, York
2. R. Adam, Syon House, Brentford (Middlesex)
3. J.-G. Soufflot, Sainte-Geneviève, Parigi
4. E.-L. Boullée, Teatro per la Place du Carrousel, Parigi (progetto)
5. C.-N. Ledoux, Barriere daziarie, Parigi: Rotonde de La Villette
6. J. Soane, Bank of England, Londra: Stock Office
7. J. Nash, Regent’s Park e Regent’s Street, Londra
8. K.F. Schinkel, Schauspielhaus, Berlino
9. L. von Klenze, Glyptothek, Monaco
10. H. Labrouste, Bibliothèque Sainte-Genéviève, Parigi
11. J. Wyatt, Fonthill Abbey
12. A.W.N. Pugin, St Gile’s, Cheadle (Staffordshire)
13. W. Butterfield, All Saints’ Church, Londra
14. G. Eiffel, Tour Eiffel, Parigi
15. C.R. Mackintosh, School of Art, Glasgow
16. L. Sullivan, Guaranty Building, Buffalo
17. F.L. Wright, William Winslow House, River Forest (Ill.)
18. F.L. Wright, Frederick C. Robie House, Chicago
19. F.L. Wright, Larkin Building, Buffalo
20. F.L. Wright, Unity Temple, Oak Park (Ill.)
21. F.L. Wright, Edgar Kaufmann House, Mill Run (Penn.)
22. H. Guimard, Padiglioni per le fermate della Metropolitana, Parigi
23. V. Horta, Hôtel Tassel, Bruxelles
24. A. Gaudì, Palau Güell, Barcellona
25. A. Gaudì, Sagrada Familia, Barcellona
26. J.M. Olbrich, Haus der Sezession, Vienna
27. O. Wagner, Majolikahaus, Vienna
28. O. Wagner, Sankt Leopold am Steinhof, Vienna
29. J. Hoffmann, Palazzo Stoclet, Bruxelles
30. E. Mendelsohn, Einsteinturm, Potsdam
31. A. Loos, Edificio Goldman & Salatsch, Vienna
32. A. Loos, Casa Müller, Praga
33. A. Sant’Elia, Edificio a gradoni (progetto)
34. V. Tatlin, Monumento alla Terza Internazionale, Leningrado (progetto)
35. El Lissitskij, Tribuna di Lenin (progetto)
36. T. van Doesburg e C. van Eesteren, Maison particulière (progetto)
37. G. Rietveld, Casa Schröder, Utrech
38. P. Behrens, Turbinenfabrik AEG, Berlino
39. B. Taut, Padiglione del vetro all’Esposizione del Deutscher Wekbund
di Colonia, 1914
40. H. van de Velde, Teatro dell’Esposizione del Deutscher Werkbund di
Colonia, 1914
41. W. Gropius e A. Meyer, Fabbrica di forme per scarpe Fagus, Alfeld-an-
der-Leine
42. W. Gropius, Sede del Bauhaus, Dessau
43. L. Mies van der Rohe, Villa in mattoni, Neubabelsberg (Berlino)
44. L. Mies van der Rohe, Padiglione della Germania all’Esposizione di
Barcellona, 1929
45. L. Mies van der Rohe, Casa Tugendhat, Brno
46. A. Perret, Immeuble de rapport in rue Franklin, Parigi
47. A. Perret, Museé des Travaux Publics, Parigi
48. Le Corbusier, Ossatura strutturale “Dom-ino” (progetto)
49. Le Corbusier, Casa La Roche-Jeanneret, Parigi
50. Le Corbusier, Villa Savoye, Poissy
51. G. Terragni, Casa del Fascio, Como
52. G. Michelucci con il Gruppo Toscano, Stazione ferroviaria, Firenze
53. A. Aalto, Biblioteca comunale, Viipuri
54. A. Aalto, Villa Mairea, Noormarkku
55. R. Neutra, Lovell House, Los Angeles
56. W. Gropius e TAC, Dormitori Harkness, Cambridge (Mass.)
57. L. Mies van der Rohe, Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology,
Chicago
58. L. Mies van der Rohe, Seagram Building, New York
59. F.L. Wright, Guggenheim Museum, New York
60. L.I. Kahn, Richards Medical Research Laboratories, Philadelphia
61. P. Johnson, Glass House, New Canaan
62. O. Niemeyer, Casa Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro
63. BBPR, Torre Velasca, Milano
64. Le Corbusier, Unité d’Habitation, Marsiglia
65. Le Corbusier, Cappella di Notre-Dame-du-Haut, Ronchamp
66. A. e P. Smithson, The Economist building, Londra
67. A. Van Eyck, Orfanatrofio, Amsterdam
68. C. Scarpa, Allestimento del Museo di Castelvecchio, Verona
69. R. Venturi, Vanna Venturi House, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia
70. A. Rossi, Cimitero, Modena.
For the study of a individual theme of the program, agreed with the professor, the student can refer to the following selectioned literature:
J.-M. Pérouse de Montclos, Etienne-Louis Boullée 1728-1799, Milano,
Electa, 1997.
A. Vidler, Claude Nicolas Ledoux 1736-1806, Milano, Electa, 1994.
J. Rykwert, Adam. Nascita di uno stile, Milano, Electa, 1984.
J. Summerson, The Life and Work of John Nash Architect, Cambridge,
Mass., The MIT Press, 1980.
John Soane architetto 1753-1837, a cura di M. Richardson e M.A. Stevens,
Milano, Skira, 2000.
D. Watkin, T. Mellinghoff, Architettura neoclassica tedesca 1740-1840,
Milano, Electa, 1990.
1781-1841 Schinkel l’architetto del principe, catalogo della mostra,
Venezia, Albrizzi Editore-Cluva Libreria, 1982.
K. Clark, Il revival gotico, Torino, Einaudi, 1970.
The Architectural Theory of Viollet-le-Duc, a cura di M.F. Hearn,
Cambridge, Mass., The MIT Press, 1990.
W. Herrmann, Gottfried Semper. Architettura e teoria, Milano, Electa,
1990.
M. Manieri Elia, William Morris e l’ideologia dell’architettura moderna,
Bari, Laterza, 1976.
Hendrik Petrus Berlage. Opera completa, a cura di S. Polano, Milano,
Electa, 1987.
G.C. Manson, Frank Lloyd Wright. La prima età d’oro, Roma, Officina,
1969.
Frank Lloyd Wright architetto 1867-1959, a cura di T. Riley e P. Reed,
Milano, Electa, 1995.
F. Borsi, P. Portoghesi, Victor Horta, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1996.
E. Godoli, Hector Guimard, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1997.
T. Howarth, Charles Rennie Mackintosh and the Modern Movement,
London, Routledge & Kegan, 1977.
Charles Rennie Mackintosh 1868-1928, a cura di G. Laganà, Milano,
Electa, 1994.
R. Pane, Antonio Gaudì, Milano, Edizioni di Comunità, 1964.
J.J. Lahuerta, Antoni Gaudì 1852-1926, Milano, Electa, 1992.
R. Trevisiol, Otto Wagner, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1990.
R. Trevisiol, Adolf Loos, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1995.
G. Fanelli, E. Godoli, La Vienna di Hoffmann architetto della qualità,
Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1981.
E.F. Sekler, Josef Hoffmann 1870-1926, Milano, Electa, 1991.
E. Godoli, Il futurismo, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1983.
V. Quilici, L’architettura del Costruttivismo, Bari, Laterza, 1969.
G. Fanelli, De Stijl, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1983.
F. Borsi, G.K. Koenig, Architettura dell’Espressionismo, Genova, Vitali e
Ghianda, 1967.
T. Buddensieg, H. Rogge, Cultura e industria. Peter Behrens e la AEG
1907-1914, Milano, Electa, 1979.
W. Nerdinger, Walter Gropius. Opera completa, Milano, Electa, 1988.
G. Fanelli, R. Gargiani, Auguste Perret, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1991.
F. Tentori, R. De Simone, Le Corbusier, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1987.
J.L. Cohen, Mies van der Rohe, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1996.
H.R. Hitchcock, P. Johnson, Lo stile internazionale, Bologna, Zanichelli,
1982.
R.A. Etlin, Modernism in Italian Architecture, 1890-1940, Cambridge-
London, The MIT Press, 1991.
R. De Simone, Il razionalismo nell’architettura italiana del primo
Novecento, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2011.
Giuseppe Terragni. Opera completa, a cura di G. Ciucci, Milano, Electa,
1996.
Alvar Aalto, a cura di P. Reed, Milano, Electa, 1998.
A. Belluzzi, C. Conforti, Giovanni Michelucci. Catalogo delle opere, Milano
1986.
A. Belluzzi, C. Conforti, Architettura italiana 1944-1994, Roma-Bari 1994.