Building over time. Technological history of architecture
Introduction to Architectural Restoration
Documentation for restoration: data collection, management and interpretation
Indirect sources for the historical knowledge of the building
Direct sources for knowledge and material history of the building
The restoration project
Valorization for the architectural heritage
Texts listed below, merely state a framework of minimum basics. Further bibliographic indications will be provided during the course. A university exam requires the ability to perform a literature search. Students will be supported in the construction of a bibliography on specific topics and on their project. We recommend on-line digital indexes of major libraries: BNCF, Max Planck Institute, BNF, DNB, British Library, NYPL, etc.
- Caccia Gherardini S., 2017, Architectural restoration and conservation handbook, Firenze: DIDA.
- Caccia Gherardini S., 2013, Restoration in a few words. Methodology and techniques.
- Dohene E., Price C., 2010, Stone Conservation: an overview of current research, Getty, Los Angeles.
- Baer N., Fitz S., Livingston R. (ed.), 1998, Conservation of Historic Brick Structures, Shaftesbury: Donhead.
- Ruskin J., 1849, The seven lamps of architecture, Wiley: Oxford
- Riegl A., 1903, Der moderne Denkmalkultus. Sein Wesen undseine Entstehung, Wien, Leipzig - Tr: Forster K., Ghirardo D., 1982, The modern cult of monuments: its character and origin in <<Oppositions>> 25, 20-51
- Bellanca C., 2011, Methodical Approach to the Restoration of Historic Architecture, Firenze, Alinea.
- Harris E. C., 1979, Principles of archaeological stratigraphy, Academic Press, London.
- Carvais R., Guillerme A., Nègre V., Sakarovitch J. (ed.), 2012, Nuts & Bolts of Construction History: Culture,
- Technology and Society (3 vol.), Picard.
- Binda L., Saisi A., Tiraboschi C., 2000, Investigation procedures for the diagnosis of historic masonries in
Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier, pp. 199-233.
- Camuffo D., Fassina V., Havermans J., 2010, Basic Environmental Mechanisms affecting Cultural Heritage-
Understanding deterioration mechanisms for conservation purposes, Nardini Editore, Firenze.
- ICOMOS-ISCS, 2008, 2010, Illustrated glossary on stone deterioration patterns, Monuments and Sites: XV.
http://www.international.icomos.org/publications/monuments_and_sites/15/pdf/Monuments_and_Sites_15_ISCS_Glossary_Stone.pdf
- English Heritage (ed.), 2012-13, Practical Building Conservation, Ashgate Publishing, (10 volumes).
Obiettivi Formativi
COPPOLA
The purpose of the course is to implement critical skills and operational tools to stimulate the care process on the existing architecture and to make the right cultural choices. The course will clarify the main phases of a restoration project from the survey to the maintenance: the purpose of the project (technical correctness and cultural value), the project phases, methods to develop the necessary knowledge (the critical tools, cultural and technical). The aim is to implement the capabilities of assessment of the conceptual choices of management of the recognized values of an architectural product. At the end of the lab students must be able to set a correct path of analysis of an existing architecture, a synthesis of his material history and its conservation conditions, as a prelude to the project and the intervention of conservation. A crucial point of this process is to achieve an adequate degree of awareness of the characteristics of the intervention: the operational content and the main interdisciplinary connections, but also its historical and cultural meaning as a contemporary source of growth.
Prerequisiti
COPPOLA
A basic knowledge of the following topics is strongly recommended: history of architecture, traditional building materials, architectural geometrical survey, statics and building science.
Metodi Didattici
COPPOLA
The course consists of lectures, visits, exercises and project activities.
Lectures: lectures will be accompanied by conferences on specific issues and case studies.
Visits: study visits are scheduled to sites, monuments and restoration workshops.
Exercises and assignments: training exercises will be held in classroom, outside and at home.
Design activity: all the activities will be addressed to develop a research on an architectural work. Students, individually or in small groups (max 3), will be led to carry on a draft of a restoration project. Individual researches will be regularly checked, also in collective sessions.
Altre Informazioni
COPPOLA
The attendance of class sessions is mandatory. Each assignment deadline is mandatory. The students will be able to reach the final project only if they attend at least the 75% of the class sessions. For each student is mandatory to sign in at the morning arrive in teacher's register of attendance. During class is forbidden to use cell phones, drink and eat, and listen to music, talk loud or act in any way to disturb, etc.. During lecture is forbidden to use also computer etc.
Modalità di verifica apprendimento
Exercises and assignments will provide an assessment of the learning process of each student. Assessment criteria and results will be constantly communicated and discussed. Conclusive research will be illustrated by: a report on the work done and the results obtained, drawings suitable to describe the essential steps of the investigation and the results of the project process. Detailed information on delivery criteria will be provided during the course. The final exam consists of an interview on the main topics covered during the course, on the bibliography and the methods and results of the exercises and the final project research.
Programma del corso
RESTORATION Lab
RESTORATION - B018887 - 6CFU
PROF. MICHELE COPPOLA
Overview
Restoration is one of the most challenging courses of a degree path. It involves a broad base of knowledge. Appeals to much of the knowledge gained during studies in architecture (and it is affected by their possible deficiencies) and at the same time is addressed to other fields and disciplines, from historical to natural sciences. Like all the architecture projects, the restoration project of an architectural artifact is based on a phase of knowledge that leads to a series of technical and cultural choices. The choices are all the more correct, the more adequate is the stage of preliminary knowledge. If we preserve old buildings it is because, in addition to an economic and functional value, they contain cultural elements of which the restorer becomes responsible to the communities to which they belong. From the technical point of view, as a doctor, the restorer makes a diagnosis and focuses the right treatment. He knows methods, techniques and materials suited to treat diseases of the buildings. But this is not enough. From the cultural point of view the restorer reactivates the presence of the building in contemporary life and combines functional, technical, spatial features, with design methods that preserve the values of the building of testimony, of historical document and authenticity.
Learning objectives
The purpose of the course is to implement critical skills and operational tools to stimulate the care process on the existing architecture and to make the right cultural choices. The course will clarify the main phases of a restoration project from the survey to the maintenance: the purpose of the project (technical correctness and cultural value), the project phases, methods to develop the necessary knowledge (the critical tools, cultural and technical). The aim is to implement the capabilities of assessment of the conceptual choices of management of the recognized values of an architectural product. At the end of the lab students must be able to set a correct path of analysis of an existing architecture, a synthesis of his material history and its conservation conditions, as a prelude to the project and the intervention of conservation. A crucial point of this process is to achieve an adequate degree of awareness of the characteristics of the intervention: the operational content and the main interdisciplinary connections, but also its historical and cultural meaning as a contemporary source of growth.
Topics
Building over time. Technological history of architecture
Archaeology of building materials and history of construction techniques
Introduction to Architectural Restoration
Definitions and basic concepts. Objectives and application fields.
Historical overview of conservative theory and practice.
Cultural and technical nodes of the current debate. Restoration charters. Standards.
Documentation for restoration: data collection, management and interpretation
Analysis and diagnosis for the restoration project. Direct and indirect sources.
The on-field data collection. The survey. The sampling methods.
Indirect sources for the historical knowledge of the building
Historical, bibliographic, archival, iconographic research. Web resources and digital archives.
Direct sources for knowledge and material history of the building
Survey methods and tools for reading the built heritage
Analysis of the constructive features and study of building techniques
Building Archaeology. Stratigraphic method, typological surveys, statistical processing.
The contribution of applied sciences. Archaeometry
Criteria for documentation, processing and graphic restitution (thematic mapping)
The restoration project
The diagnostic project. Investigation techniques for characterization and diagnosis.
History of degeneration. Indirect sources and material documents.
Evaluation and monitoring of degenerative phenomena. Monitoring, simulations, models.
Role and trends of scientific research.
The project for the materials conservation
The re-use project and the functional rehabilitation.
Valorization for the architectural heritage
Musealization of the architectural heritage, virtual heritage and digital fruition.
Teaching methods and didactic activities
The course consists of lectures, visits, exercises and project activities.
Lectures: lectures will be accompanied by conferences on specific issues and case studies.
Visits: study visits are scheduled to sites, monuments and restoration workshops.
Exercises and assignments: training exercises will be held in classroom, outside and at home.
Design activity: all the activities will be addressed to develop a research on an architectural work. Students, individually or in small groups (max 3), will be led to carry on a draft of a restoration project. Individual researches will be regularly checked, also in collective sessions.
Methods of learning assessment
Exercises and assignments will provide an assessment of the learning process of each student. Assessment criteria and results will be constantly communicated and discussed. Conclusive research will be illustrated by: a report on the work done and the results obtained, drawings suitable to describe the essential steps of the investigation and the results of the project process. Detailed information on delivery criteria will be provided during the course. The final exam consists of an interview on the main topics covered during the course, on the bibliography and the methods and results of the exercises and the final project research.
Attendance and behavior
The attendance of class sessions is mandatory. Each assignment deadline is mandatory. The students will be able to reach the final project only if they attend at least the 75% of the class sessions. For each student is mandatory to sign in at the morning arrive in teacher's register of attendance. During class is forbidden to use cell phones, drink and eat, and listen to music, talk loud or act in any way to disturb, etc.. During lecture is forbidden to use also computer etc.
Bibliography
Texts listed below, merely state a framework of minimum basics. Further bibliographic indications will be provided during the course. A university exam requires the ability to perform a literature search. Students will be supported in the construction of a bibliography on specific topics and on their project. We recommend on-line digital indexes of major libraries: BNCF, Max Planck Institute, BNF, DNB, British Library, NYPL, etc.
- Caccia Gherardini S., 2017, Architectural restoration and conservation handbook, Firenze: DIDA.
- Caccia Gherardini S., 2013, Restoration in a few words. Methodology and techniques.
- Dohene E., Price C., 2010, Stone Conservation: an overview of current research, Getty, Los Angeles.
- Baer N., Fitz S., Livingston R. (ed.), 1998, Conservation of Historic Brick Structures, Shaftesbury: Donhead.
- Ruskin J., 1849, The seven lamps of architecture, Wiley: Oxford
- Riegl A., 1903, Der moderne Denkmalkultus. Sein Wesen undseine Entstehung, Wien, Leipzig - Tr: Forster K., Ghirardo D., 1982, The modern cult of monuments: its character and origin in <<Oppositions>> 25, 20-51
- Bellanca C., 2011, Methodical Approach to the Restoration of Historic Architecture, Firenze, Alinea.
- Harris E. C., 1979, Principles of archaeological stratigraphy, Academic Press, London.
- Carvais R., Guillerme A., Nègre V., Sakarovitch J. (ed.), 2012, Nuts & Bolts of Construction History: Culture,
- Technology and Society (3 vol.), Picard.
- Binda L., Saisi A., Tiraboschi C., 2000, Investigation procedures for the diagnosis of historic masonries in
Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier, pp. 199-233.
- Camuffo D., Fassina V., Havermans J., 2010, Basic Environmental Mechanisms affecting Cultural Heritage-
Understanding deterioration mechanisms for conservation purposes, Nardini Editore, Firenze.
- ICOMOS-ISCS, 2008, 2010, Illustrated glossary on stone deterioration patterns, Monuments and Sites: XV.
http://www.international.icomos.org/publications/monuments_and_sites/15/pdf/Monuments_and_Sites_15_ISCS_Glossary_Stone.pdf
- English Heritage (ed.), 2012-13, Practical Building Conservation, Ashgate Publishing, (10 volumes).