General knowledge on the concepts of "material" and "structure".
Mechanical behaviour of “masonry” as no-tension material: the constitutive model.
Behaviour and general characteristics of masonry structures
Elements of graphical statics, funicular polygons, meaning of pressure curve or line of thrust.
Elements of kinematics of rigid mechanisms.
Equilibrium and limit analysis of rigid block structures.
Heyman, J, (1966), The stone skeleton, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2, p. 249-279.
Heyman, J, (1969), The safety of masonry arches, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Volume 11 – Issue 4, p. 363-385.
Heyman, J, (1997), The stone skeleton. Structural Engineering of Masonry Architecture, Cambridge, University Press. ISBN 0521 62963-2.
Block, P and DeJong, MJ and Ochsendorf, J, (2006), As hangs the flexible line: equilibrium of masonry arches. Nexus Network Journal, 8. pp. 9-19. ISSN 1522-4600.
Huerta, S, (2001), Mechanics of masonry vaults: The equilibrium approach. Historical Constructions, P.B. Lourenço, P. Roca (Eds.), Guimarães, p. 47-69.
Block, P., (2005), Equilibrium Systems: Studies in Masonry Structures, Master of Science in Architecture Studies, Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Mainstone, R, (1988), Stability concepts from the Renaissance to today, Stable – Unstable, Lemaire & Van Balen, Leuven University Press, Leuven, Belgium. ISBN 90 6186 266-3.
References in italian
Giuffré, A, (1986), La meccanica delle Murature, NIS, Roma.
Di Pasquale, S, (1996), L’arte del Costruire. Tra conoscenza e scienza, Biblioteca Marsilio, Venezia. ISBN 88-317-6352-0.
Sparacio, R, (1999), La scienza e i Tempi del Costruire, UTET Università, Torino.
Paradiso, M, Tempesta, G, Galassi, S and Pugi, F, (2007), Sistemi Voltati in Muratura. Teoria e Applicazioni, Dei, Roma.
R. Olivito, R, (2009), Statica e Stabilità delle Costruzioni Murarie, Pitagora Editrice, Bologna.
Giuffré, A, (2010), Leggendo il Libro delle Antiche Architetture, Gangemi Editore, Roma.
Como, M, (2010), Statica delle Costruzioni Storiche in muratura, Aracne Editrice, Roma.
Obiettivi Formativi
The course aims to provide the students with the tools necessary to deal, in a critical way, with the problems concerning the reading and analysis of the historical masonry buildings, taking into account the problems of stability and safety. After the discussion of the issues relating to the constructive principles, the rules, the techniques and the materials which characterize the historical architectural heritage, during the course some specific aspects are discussed by analyzing the behaviour of the most common historical constructive systems, with particular reference to the matters regarding the equilibrium and limit analysis of structural systems made with overlapping blocks, arches, vaults and domes of masonry.
Expected skills
Acquisition, by the student, of critical skills in the analysis and assessment of the structural safety of historical masonry buildings.
Prerequisiti
Basic knowledge of static and structural Mechanics.
Funicular polygons and graphical methods for static analysis of masonry arches
Metodi Didattici
Lectures and tutorials in the classroom
Altre Informazioni
Attendance at the the Laboratory is mandatory.
The Laboratory activities are to be completed during the semester.
Modalità di verifica apprendimento
Oral exam within the project theme foreseen in the laboratory.
Programma del corso
General knowledge on the concepts of "material" and "structure".
Mechanical behaviour of “masonry” as no-tension material: the constitutive model.
Behaviour and general characteristics of masonry structures
Elements of graphical statics, funicular polygons, meaning of pressure curve or line of thrust.
Elements of kinematics of rigid mechanisms.
The concepts of “apparent structure“ and “actually reagent structure”: the case of the masonry lintel as an emblematic example in the behaviour of a masonry structure.
Equilibrium and limit analysis of rigid block structures:
Equilibrium analysis of a heavy block subjected to horizontal actions.
Equilibrium analysis of a structure made with overlapping blocks.
Equilibrium analysis of a trilithon
Limit analysis and collapse mechanisms in the case of a trilithon with fractured architrave
The behavior of masonry wall: overview of the main collapse mechanisms
Limit analysis of masonry arches subjected to the action of forces and/or yieldings of abutments:
Type and geometry of masonry arches.
Limit analysis of masonry arch.
Kinematical analysis and collapse mechanisms of arches.
Limit Analysis of an arch – column system
Equilibrium analysis of masonry vaults:
Type and geometry of masonry vaults: barrel vault, cross vault, rib vault, domical vault, cloister vault.
Limit analysis of masonry vaults
Collapse mechanisms of masonry vaults
Masonry domes. Graphical methods and general topics of theory of membrane:
Type and geometry of masonry domes: hemispherical dome, pointed dome, polygonal dome.
Equilibrium and limit analysis of axial symmetrical domes.
Collapse mechanisms of masonry domes
Case studies: review of experiences of study and research