B026328 - URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING LABORATORY

Italian

Italian

The workshop enable students to grapple with the topics of urban design and its operational management. The disciplinary contents will deal with the topics of urban design of contemporary territories with an approach that is attentive to the ecological transition, i.e. based on an ethics of responsibility, with the aim of moving towards a sustainable future, maintaining the planetary balances associated with the right balance between man and nature.

The scientific and disciplinary contents of the Laboratory relate to the theories and practices aimed at the knowledge and design of the city and the territory in a sustainable way. More specifically, they concern i) the formation and transformation of structural patterns and morphologies of human settlements, ii) their interactions with the surrounding environment, iii) the methods, tools, and practices of physical planning and urban design and regeneration at different scales.

• Jenny Roe, Layla McCay, Restorative Cities. Urban Design for Mental Heath and Wellbeing, Bloomsbury V.A., 2021
• P. Gabellini, Le mutazioni dell'urbanistica, Carocci, Roma 2018
• R. Sennett, Costruire e abitare. Etica per la città, Feltrinelli, Milano 2018.
• F. Rossi Prodi, G. De Luca, G. Gorelli, M. De Santis, S. Stanghellini, Abitare sociale. Modelli architettonici e urbanistici per l’abitare sociale,
Altralinea, Firenze 2014 (e.book)
• Marco Ardielli, Masterplan: né piano né progetto, Inu Edizioni, Roma 2012 (e.book).

In addition to these texts, we recommend three useful manuals, which can be downloaded free of charge on the web:
- Osservatorio Città Sostenibili, Il manuale urbanistico invisibile. La sintassi della città disgregata, Working paper P06/07, http://www.ocs.polito.it/biblioteca/wp/paesaggio/wp_p0607.pdf
- Community Network, Regione Emilia-Romagna, Guida alla fotointerpretazione per l’aggiornamento dell’uso del suolo con immagini
Agea 2008, Bologna 2009, http://www.regione.emilia-romagna.it/temi/territorio/cartografiaregionale/vedi-anche/usodelsuolo/pubblicazioni/Manuale%20fotointerpretazione%20Agea2008.pdf/view
- Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Urban Design Manual. A best practice guide, Part 1 e Part 2, May 2009
- UNHabitat, Global Public Space Toolkit, Nairobi 2015 https://unhabitat.org/wpcontent/uploads/2015/10/Global%20Public%20Space%20Toolkit.pdf

For post-Covid proposals we refer to:
- https://www.ovpm.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/covid-19icomoschina.pdf
- https://annehidalgo2020.com/
- https://www.comune.milano.it/documents/20126/95930101/Milano+2020.++Strategia+di+adattamento.pdf/c96c1297-f8ad-5482859c90de1d2b76cb?t=1587723749501

Read more:
• F. Selicato, F. Rotondo, Progettazione urbanistica. Teorie e tecniche, McGraw-Hill, Milano 2010
• P. Colarossi, A. Latini, La progettazione urbana, vol. 1 “Principi e storie” cap. 3; vol. 2 “Metodi e materiali” cap. 2 e cap. 5; vol. 3 “Declinazioni e strumenti” cap. 2, Il Sole 24 Ore libri, Milano 2008-2010

Alberti F., Brugellis P., Parolotto F. (eds., 2014), “Città pensanti. Creatività, mobilità, qualità urbana”, Quodlibet, Macerata
Carmona M. et al., (2010), “Public Places Urban Spaces. The Dimensions of Urban Design” (2nd Edition), Architectural Press, Oxford
Ghel J. (2010), “Cities for People”, Island Press, Washington DC
Further references will be provided during the course.

European territories, including those in Italy, are experiencing an entirely new phase. After a few decades in which cities and towns have accompanied a substantially expansive economic cycle, translated into a progressive extension of urbanised territories, we are finally turning our gaze to the existing and capitalised. By now it is clear that one can no longer count on the traditional factors of growth and urban transformation determined by the private propensity to invest, mainly in new real estate in addition to existing buildings, and by the spin-offs that such investments could generate in individual territories. In the future, in a regime of scarce resources - with the new awareness aimed at recovering and saving resources - those who will be able to propose factors of quality rather than quantity will be able to emerge, and mainly those who will be able to create the prerequisites for 'increased' cities and territories, i.e. more liveable and more capable, more resilient to the transformations of the globalised economy, less wasteful of resources and with 'zero' land consumption. The new paradigm within which contemporary is placed is that of regeneration through the recovery, redevelopment and recycling of what has lost sense in the evolution of the previous economic and social trend.
At the basis of town planning regulations, nowadays included in the 'government of the territory', there is the awareness of the limitation of the subjective possibilities of modifying the 'land' that is a common good - a regulatory task that is the exclusive competence of the public authorities, albeit in a participatory relationship with the citizens - to achieve purposes of general interest.
The first objective of the Design Workshop is to provide students with the theoretical and conceptual foundations of the discipline of town planning, including the necessary historical and regulatory references, as well as an initial knowledge of the ways in which it can respond to requests in various contextual situations through its own tools and methods.
The second objective of the Design Workshop is to briefly revisit the methods and tools that, according to the various cultures matured by communities in different times and places, have taken shape and developed, in search of the basic elements and practices of spatial transformation that define settlement principles and urban planning rules. Principles and rules that are none other than the spatial models of the economic and power relations that are expressed in society in a given historical phase, and of the productive forces that generate income.
The theories and tools, in order to be understood and assimilated, will be contextualised within the contemporary cultural landscape through an urban design process, which focuses on the idea of recovering or renovating significant parts of existing settlements (according to the so-called "urban recycle" approach); as western society is currently directed towards confronting and designing, in a prevalent way, on the built and existing through grafts and seams, or replacements and rewritings, as long as they are linked to the context in a process of innovative characterisation. For some authors: "Recycle is in fact a buzzword that gathers together infinite possible individual changes without claiming to assimilate them into a homogeneous trend, while still keeping them anchored to a very strong reality principle"; "Recycling means putting back into circulation, reusing discarded materials that have lost value and/or meaning. It is a practice that makes it possible to reduce waste, reduce the cost of disposal and contain the cost of producing new. Recycling means, in other words, creating new value and new meaning. Another cycle is another life. In this lies the propulsive content of recycling: an ecological action that pushes the existing into the future by transforming waste into outstanding figures'.
The planner and the architect, however, must not forget, as Giovanni Astengo reminds us, that it is always necessary to "delegate to each plan for a vast area or urban settlement the precise definition of the general and specific objectives of the operations that the plan intends to implement. Objectives, these, that only with the concreteness of the reality of places cease to be generic, to take on substantial significance with respect to the specificity of local situations". In other words, there must be a non-trivial connection between major action strategies and minute local planning: one is not without the other and vice versa. There must be adaptability; and both must be linked with the institutional system, which makes them feasible and practicable. Urban planning, in fact, is a technically assisted political decision.
The third objective of the Urban Design Workshop will be to present the 'adaptive urban design manifesto'. the application of which will affect the exercise part of the course. Bearing in mind that tools and methods are closely connected to the objectives, which dynamically relate in time and place to the demands expressed by the community and its institutions, the specific objective of the course is their experimentation on a local scale, in a design application appropriate to the training level of the second year.
In conclusion, the student must demonstrate that he/she has the knowledge to move autonomously in the 'paths' of urban planning tools and their design content.
Using a multi-disciplinary approach, the Urban Planning Workshop will be aimed at knowing and knowing how to use (in its theoretical, technical, regulatory and instrumental assumptions) the main steps necessary for a correct territorial government action. The term 'government of the territory' has been present in the Italian Constitution since 2001 (art. 117, c. 3), in Title V, where it replaced, incorporating it, the previous term 'town planning'. A wider container that studies territorial and urban phenomena in all their aspects, with the aim of planning for their control and management. Hence the dual significance of the laboratory: planning as a process and urbanism as a project.
The specific term Urban Planning is embedded in that of government of the territory, it is an integral part of it. This is why the Urban Design Workshop always keeps it in the background, in its theoretical, technical, normative and instrumental assumptions. As Alejandro Aravena states: 'Architecture is concerned with giving shape to the places in which we live. It is not more complicated, nor simpler than that. These spaces include houses, schools, offices, shops and commercial areas in general, museums, palaces and institutional buildings, bus stops, underground stations, squares, parks, streets (tree-lined or not), pavements, car parks, and the whole series of programmes and parts that make up our built environment. The shape of these places, however, is not only defined by the aesthetic trend of the moment or the talent of a particular architect. They are the consequence of rules, interests, economies and policies, or perhaps even a lack of coordination, indifference and simple randomness. The forms they take can either improve or ruin people's lives'.
However, when we move on to the planning of places and the actual practice there is such a distinction of gazes, interests and rules of reference that a subtle but clear demarcation is generated between urban planning and architectural design: "The urban planner usually prepares a project by looking at the whole city, the architect very often by looking at a single building or a single set of buildings, which, however, only make sense if they are placed in the background, in the context of the city" (Secchi 2001). In the words of Jonathan Barnett, everything is centred on the role that the two figures play in the production of the city: the role of the planner is that of "designing cities without designing buildings"; that of the architect is more simply that of "designer building" respecting public rules.
The Urban Planning Workshop reflects on this subtle distinction, starting from the assumption that doing territorial government is equivalent to "doing urban planning (which) is (or should be) primarily designing the public city. That part of the city that we all use on a daily basis. On foot, by bicycle, by car, alone or in company to carry out the social practices of our lives: working, having fun, parking, paying bills, going to the bank, to school, to the post office, taking the children to the park, shopping, sitting at the bar, etc. etc. It is the city we walk on and visually perceive made of open spaces but also of facades facing the public space. Public space is made up of pavements, streets, squares, open spaces, equipped green spaces, rows of trees, etc. This space, in most cases, is neither 'finished' nor 're-finished'. It is usually neglected and abandoned. It is a receptacle for waste. But it is the space experienced and perceived by all citizens, regardless of their wealth or social affiliation. The urban planner's first task is to grasp this forgetfulness and re-design the places of the public city. Of course, not all the city is in this condition. The spaces of the historical city have normally been designed, planned and realised with the collective use of the same in mind, its function and wellbeing. Those of the contemporary city, i.e. those planned and realised from the 1960s onwards, have conversely, in most cases, become 'degraded suburbs' par excellence'.
From this it follows that: "To do town planning (...) is to construct a reasoned decision-making process by which institutions (public power, then) regulate the way in which space is used and the related rights to use and transform land through various town planning instruments (technical power, then).
It is precisely for this reason that the urban planning process is nothing other than a technically assisted political decision. Where the adverb is a reinforcement of the role of technical culture with respect to the starting input, which is political. This is because building an urban planning tool, both at a territorial level and above all at a local level, is an investment of a public nature that must function and be coherent insofar as it is first and foremost a "technological structure" verb-designed for the conscious organisation of space that serves to govern countries, cities and territories, and that serves as a reference matrix for private and public investments. Governing not only in the immediate present, but above all in a future perspective, where the ability to know how to foresee becomes fundamental and scientifically necessary, therefore technically pertinent and functional: it is therefore not enough to be qualified, as much as scientifically and professionally prepared to prepare it".
To govern the territory with town planning, therefore, is to define the local public rules and their 'laying down' on the ground, which determine the texture of the collective space around which structures, public and, above all, private, are aggregated. The practice of land governance, in fact, only moves within the public domain. This is why land governance, in its instrumentation, generates rules in a project of territoriality. For the same reason, to do territorial government is to do an urban planning project that contributes to reinforcing contemporary European society: this is the social reference model that the workshop considers. There is no project without a social reference, no planning without a social reference model. Concrete practice, on the other hand, should move according to the principles of sustainable and adaptive urbanism. As stated on the cover of Domus magazine no. 1031: "Urbanism is you/You are urbanism", or in the words of the magazine's editor Winy Maas in the editorial of the same issue "Everything is urbanism/Everything is urbanism".
Sustainable and adaptive urbanism made even more urgent by the pandemic triggered by the COVID-19 virus. Pandemics have historically been great opportunities to rewrite urban policies and influence future visions:
- cycles of cholera pandemics in Europe in the 19th century led to the so-called 'bacteriological revolution', following the discovery of the aetiological agents that paved the way for urban sanitation and hygiene plans. Urban public space served to house the water and sewer networks, and later all networked services;
- the 'great influence' between 1918 and 1921, paved the way for rationalism and the principles of the modern city, laid down in what became the Athens Charter of 1933.
The same is being done by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has rapidly altered the urban landscape of cities, starting with those of art and tourism, leading to the revival of the so-called '15-minute urban project', which we understand here as a new design oriented towards the so-called 'restorative urbanism': that is, a new approach to urban planning that puts, or starts from, mental health, to social wellbeing, placing them at the centre of urban design. This approach questions how to redesign in order to reduce the incidence of stress, depression and anxiety and support general wellbeing, but also to offer citizenship and personal services that can be reached within a reasonable timeframe. It does not speak of proximity, a theme now rampant in the social sciences and in some local political debates, but of time as an experiential value.

The Laboratory aims to provide knowledge, working methods, and interpretative tools to develop students' planning and analytical skills, evaluative synthesis, and strategic vision of urban and metropolitan systems, with reference to the different components (anthropogenic and natural, material and immaterial) and functioning (state of fact and law), at different scales.
The main objectives to be achieved with the final exercise are:
1 - Definition of a strategic concept and master plan for the study areas, according to principles of sustainability.
2 - Articulation of mobility patterns within the study area, with special regard to the pedestrian and bicycle networks and to public transport.
3 - Integrated design of the "public realm" from the functional, architectural, and environmental point of view, in the perspective of the "15-minute city".

Knowledge of the Italian language.
Having passed the propaedeuticities laid down in the Study Manifesto.

Knowledge of the Italian language.
Adequate knowledge of the English language.

The organisation of the teaching is aimed at ensuring that the training and testing process required to take the examination takes place during the course.

Teaching will include lectures, guided exercises, with intermediate tests.
The design exercise will be conducted in groups.

Course leaders will communicate information about the workshop directly in class and via the moodle platform at https://e-l.unifi.it/. All teaching materials and necessary information will be available via the same site. For individual and group communications as well as the exchange of workshop materials, please write to labprourb.2223@gmail.com

Attendance to the lessons is compulsory, for at least 75% of the scheduled teaching hours.
The deadlines of individual and group exercises and of work-in-progress drafts will be communicated well in advance.
The exam dates scheduled for the summer terms are the natural conclusion of the Laboratory activities for all the students.

The examination will be oral (or written, exceptionally, at the student's request), with the presentation of the papers prepared for the exercise. The examination will also cover the topics covered in the lectures.

The evaluation will take into account the results of the intermediate exercises, the individual interviews on the topics covered in class, and the final discussion on the analysis and project proposals referred to the study area.

LABORATORIO DI PROGETTAZIONE URBANISTICA

TRAINING OBJECTIVES
European territories, including those in Italy, are experiencing an entirely new phase. After a few decades in which cities and towns have accompanied a substantially expansive economic cycle, translated into a progressive extension of urbanised territories, we are finally turning our gaze to the existing and capitalised. By now it is clear that one can no longer count on the traditional factors of growth and urban transformation determined by the private propensity to invest, mainly in new buildings in addition to the existing ones, and by the spin-offs that such investments could generate in individual territories. In the future, in a regime of scarce resources - with the new awareness aimed at recovering and saving resources - those who will be able to propose factors of quality rather than quantity will be able to emerge, and mainly those who will be able to create the prerequisites of 'increased' cities and territories, i.e. more liveable and more capable, more resilient to the transformations of the globalised economy, less wasteful of resources and with 'zero' land consumption. The new paradigm within which contemporary is placed is that of regeneration through the recovery, redevelopment and recycling of what has lost sense in the evolution of the previous economic and social trend.
At the basis of the urban planning discipline, today included in the "government of the territory", there is the awareness of the limitation of the subjective possibilities of modifying the "land" that is a common good - an exclusive regulatory task falling within the competence of the public authorities, albeit in a participatory relationship with citizens - to achieve purposes of general interest.
The first objective of the design workshop is to provide students with the theoretical and conceptual foundations of the discipline of town planning, including the necessary historical and regulatory references, as well as an initial knowledge of the ways in which it can respond to requests in the various contextual situations through the tools and methods that are specific to it.
The second objective of the Design Workshop is to briefly revisit the methods and tools that, according to the various cultures matured by communities in different times and places, have taken shape and developed, in search of the basic elements and practices of spatial transformation that define settlement principles and urban planning rules. Principles and rules that are none other than the spatial models of the economic and power relations that are expressed in society in a given historical phase, and of the productive forces that generate income.
The theories and tools, in order to be understood and assimilated, will be contextualised within the contemporary cultural panorama through an urban design pathway, which focuses on the idea of recovering or renovating significant parts of existing settlements (according to the so-called "urban recycle" approach); as western society is currently directed towards confronting and designing, in a prevalent manner, on the built and existing through grafts and seams, or replacements and rewritings, as long as they are linked to the context in a process of innovative characterisation. For some authors: "Recycle is in fact a watchword that brings together infinite possible individual changes without claiming to assimilate them into a homogeneous trend, while still keeping them anchored to a very strong reality principle"; "Recycling means putting back into circulation, reusing discarded materials that have lost value and/or meaning. It is a practice that reduces waste, reduces disposal costs and reduces the cost of producing new. Recycling means, in other words, creating new value and new meaning. Another cycle is another life. In this lies the propulsive content of recycling: an ecological action that pushes the existing into the future by transforming waste into outstanding figures'.
The planner and the architect, however, must not forget, as Giovanni Astengo reminds us, that it is always necessary to "delegate to each plan for a vast area or urban settlement the precise definition of the general and specific objectives of the operations that the plan intends to implement. Objectives, these, that only with the concreteness of the reality of places cease to be generic, to take on substantial significance with respect to the specificity of local situations". In other words, there must be a non-trivial connection between major action strategies and minute local planning: one is not without the other and vice versa. There must be adaptability; and both must be linked with the institutional system, which makes them feasible and practicable. Urban planning, in fact, is a technically assisted political decision.
The third objective of the Urban Design Workshop will be to present the 'adaptive urban design manifesto'. the application of which will affect the exercise part of the course. Bearing in mind that tools and methods are closely connected to the objectives, which dynamically relate in time and place to the demands expressed by the community and its institutions, the specific objective of the Course is their experimentation on a local scale, in a design application appropriate to the training level of the second year.
At the end of the course the student must demonstrate that he/she has the knowledge to move autonomously in the 'paths' of urban planning tools and their design content.
Using a multi-disciplinary approach, the Urban Planning Workshop will be aimed at knowing and knowing how to use (in its theoretical, technical, regulatory and instrumental assumptions) the main steps required for proper land governance. The term 'government of the territory' has been present in the Italian Constitution since 2001 (art. 117, c. 3), in Title V, where it replaced, incorporating it, the previous term 'town planning'. A wider container that studies territorial and urban phenomena in all their aspects, with the aim of planning for their control and management. Hence the dual significance of the laboratory: planning as a process and urbanism as a project.
The specific term Urban Planning is embedded in that of government of the territory, it is an integral part of it. This is why the Urban Design Workshop always keeps it in the background, in its theoretical, technical, normative and instrumental assumptions. As Alejandro Aravena states: 'Architecture is concerned with giving shape to the places in which we live. It is not more complicated, nor simpler than that. These spaces include houses, schools, offices, shops and commercial areas in general, museums, palaces and institutional buildings, bus stops, underground stations, squares, parks, streets (tree-lined or not), pavements, car parks, and the whole series of programmes and parts that make up our built environment. The shape of these places, however, is not only defined by the aesthetic trend of the moment or the talent of a particular architect. They are the consequence of rules, interests, economies and policies, or perhaps even a lack of coordination, indifference and simple randomness. The forms they take can either improve or ruin people's lives'.
However, when we move on to the planning of places and the actual practice there is such a distinction of gazes, interests and rules of reference that a subtle but clear demarcation is generated between urban planning and architectural design: "The urban planner usually prepares a project by looking at the whole city, the architect very often by looking at a single building or a single set of buildings, which, however, only make sense if they are placed in the background, in the context of the city" (Secchi 2001). In the words of Jonathan Barnett, everything is centred on the role that the two figures play in the production of the city: the role of the planner is that of "designing cities without designing buildings"; that of the architect is more simply that of "designer building" respecting public rules.
The Urban Planning Workshop reflects on this subtle distinction, starting from the assumption that doing territorial government is equivalent to "doing urban planning (which) is (or should be) primarily designing the public city. That part of the city that we all use on a daily basis. On foot, by bicycle, by car, alone or in company to carry out the social practices of our lives: working, having fun, parking, paying bills, going to the bank, to school, to the post office, taking the children to the park, shopping, sitting at the bar, etc. etc. It is the city we walk on and visually perceive made of open spaces but also of facades facing the public space. Public space is made up of pavements, streets, squares, open spaces, equipped green spaces, rows of trees, etc. This space, in most cases, is neither 'finished' nor 're-finished'. It is usually neglected and abandoned. It is a receptacle for waste. But it is the space experienced and perceived by all citizens, regardless of their wealth or social affiliation. The urban planner's first task is to grasp this forgetfulness and re-design the places of the public city. Of course, not all the city is in this condition. The spaces of the historical city have normally been designed, planned and realised with the collective use of the same in mind, its function and wellbeing. Those of the contemporary city, i.e. those planned and realised from the 1960s onwards, have conversely, in most cases, become 'degraded suburbs' par excellence'.
From this it follows that: "To do urban planning (...) is to construct a reasoned decision-making process by which institutions (public power, then) regulate the ways in which space is used and the related rights of use and land transformation through various urban planning instruments (technical power, then).
It is precisely for this reason that the urban planning process is nothing other than a technically assisted political decision. Where the adverb is a reinforcement of the role of technical culture with respect to the starting input, which is political. This is because building an urban planning tool, both at a territorial level and above all at a local level, is an investment of a public nature that must function and be coherent insofar as it is first and foremost a "technological structure" verb-designed for the conscious organisation of space that serves to govern countries, cities and territories, and that serves as a reference matrix for private and public investments. Governing not only in the immediate present, but above all in a future perspective, where the ability to know how to foresee becomes fundamental and scientifically necessary, therefore technically pertinent and functional: it is therefore not enough to be qualified, as much as scientifically and professionally prepared to prepare it".
To govern the territory with town planning, therefore, is to define the local public rules and their 'laying down' on the ground, which determine the texture of the collective space around which structures, public and, above all, private, aggregate. The practice of land governance, in fact, only moves within the public domain. This is why land governance, in its instrumentation, generates rules in a project of territoriality. For the same reason, to do territorial government is to do an urban planning project that contributes to reinforcing contemporary European society: this is the social reference model that the workshop considers. There is no project without a social reference, no planning without a social reference model. Concrete practice, on the other hand, should move according to the principles of sustainable and adaptive urbanism. As stated on the cover of Domus magazine no. 1031: "Urbanism is you/You are urbanism", or in the words of the magazine's editor Winy Maas in the editorial of the same issue "Everything is urbanism/Everything is urbanism".
Sustainable and adaptive urbanism made even more urgent by the pandemic triggered by the COVID-19 virus. Pandemics historically have been great opportunities to rewrite urban policies and influence future visions. The same is being done by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has rapidly altered the urban landscape of cities, starting with those of art and tourism, leading to the revival of the so-called '15-minute urban project', which we understand here as a new design oriented towards the so-called 'restorative urbanism': that is, a new approach to urban planning that puts, or starts from, mental health, to social welfare, placing them at the centre of urban design. This approach questions how to redesign in order to reduce the incidence of stress, depression and anxiety and support general wellbeing, but also to offer citizenship and personal services that can be reached within a reasonable timeframe. It does not speak of proximity, a theme now rampant in the social sciences and in some local political debates, but of time as an experiential value.
TEACHING METHODS
Through the methods of face-to-face teaching, the Urban Planning Workshop, Course A aims to provide students with
a) a basic cultural training, entrusted to the theoretical lectures and to the study of the bibliography and glossary of urban planning terms
b) basic training of an applied nature, entrusted to the final exercise, to be carried out alone or in groups of a maximum of 3 people.
Attendance at the Urban Design Workshop is compulsory. Attendance is ascertained during the course of the lessons by roll call. Attendance of not less than 85% of the actual lessons is considered useful, and is also valid for the final accreditation assessment.

The exercise is organised as a response to a call for tender for young architects, on the model of EUROPAN , taking as reference the European Urban Agenda on Sustainability, which borrows the indications of the UN/Habitat III Agenda on Sustainable Development.

A.A. 2021-22
School of Architecture
5-year Master's Degree Course in Architecture
Laboratory on Urban planning and design C
8 CFU

Teacher
Prof. Francesco Alberti

Tutors
Arch. Maria Vittoria Arnetoli
Arch. Eleonora Giannini

THE EXTENDEFD PROGRAM OF THE LABORATORY IS PROVIDED IN ITALIAN

This teaching contributes to the realisation of the UN goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.