Fundamentals and applications in the areas of Technical Physics'
civil engineering, construction and environmental, architecture,
land use planning and industrial design.
Course Content - Last names H-Z
Thermodynamics, Thermodynamic systems First and Second Principles Psychrometry Thermodynamic transformations of humid air and environmental conditioning Examples of thermodynamic cycles for winter and summer conditioning systems Heat transmission, stationary and transient regimes and periodic stabilization Conduction, convection (natural and forced), irradiation Mass and Energy Exchanges, Internal Energy, Enthalpy, Entropy, Exergy
Çengel Y. A., “Termodinamica e
trasmissione del calore”, McGraw-Hill, Milano
G. Dall’O “Architettura e impianti” Città Studi Edizioni
Testi aggiuntivi per approfondimenti
-G. Moncada Lo Giudice, L. De Santoli “Progettazione di impianti tecnici” Masson, Milano
- G.F.Cellai, S.Secchi “Fondamenti si acustica” CLU Ed. Firenze
1) Romagnoni P., Peron F., Vio M., Elementi di Fisica Tecnica Ambientale, CEDAM, Padova
2) De Santoli L., Fisica Tecnica Ambientale-Trasmissione del calore, C.E.A. , Milano, 1999
3) F. Kreith – Principi di Trasmissione del Calore – ed. Liguori.
4) Y. Cengel – Termodinamica e trasmissione del calore – McGraw-Hill
5) G. Guglielimini, C. Pisoni – Elementi di trasmissione del calore – Ed. Veschi.
Learning Objectives - Last names A-G
At the end of this course, students should be able to:
acquire competence on the fundamental physical phenomena (thermal, acoustic and lighting) and hvac equipments, aimed at an sustainable and energy-conscious design;
identify the main typologies of mechanical and water supply plants that use renewable energy and favour the solutions to energy and water saving;
acquire consciousness to work in a technical professional team in order to choose the optimal solutions.
Learning Objectives - Last names H-Z
To introduce the fundamental topics of thermodynamics and heat transmission for the understanding of systems (building and plant), of processes useful for achieving thermo-hygrometric well-being, air quality in a confined environment, hygiene and safety with particular reference to those of winter and summer air conditioning, ventilation and filtration (purity) of the air in the environment; to acquire suitable methods and tools for the energy-sustainable building-plant system project considering the physical quantities and the processes that characterize it by tackling the design aspects related to the themes of the building's thermo-physics, air-conditioning and the rational use of energy resources.
Prerequisites - Last names H-Z
Fundamental of algebra. Partial, differential and integral derivatives. Homogeneous differential equations, series expansion. Double integrals knowledge, surface calculation Coordinated knowledge of various types.
Fundamentals of chemistry and physics
Teaching Methods - Last names H-Z
Lessons and practical tests
Further information - Last names H-Z
The exam aims to verify, through theoretical questions, and specific and targeted exercises:
- the knowledge of the fundamental topics and laws of thermodynamics;
-the knowledge of the fundamental issues and laws of thermal heat transfer and phase changes;
- the ability for an appropriately use of the terminology and methods of analysis of Technical Physics;
- the ability to understand the literature concerning the different methodological approaches to the analysis of closed and open thermodynamic systems;
- the ability to acquire the tools and methods to continue and develop the studies on the subject, knowing how to face and solve the related problems and to frame the issues and problems that are typical and crucial for all the environmental energy building designs
Type of Assessment - Last names H-Z
The exam consists of a written test
Course program - Last names A-G
At the end of the course, students should be able to:
design of the comprehensive architectural project in response to the influence of the structural, material, and construction technology design decisions;
acquire knowledge and critical thinking skills on a sustainable approach to environmental design at the large and small intervention scale;
understand the interdisciplinary nature of technology, the technical feasibility and the implications of these with environmental impact, energetic behaviour and welfare condition;
understand the role of technological design as a key part of technological development, justifying its importance on sustainable development and energetic, economic and welfare conditions;
ability to assess, select, and conceptually integrate structural systems, building envelope systems, environmental systems, life-safety systems, and building service systems into building design.
Course program - Last names H-Z
THERMODYNAMICS
the Open and Closed thermodynamic system
First and Second Principles of Thermodynamics - Principle of Carnot - Thermodynamic temperature
Thermodynamic systems, status and exchange quantities. Mass balances. First principle of thermodynamics for closed and open systems. Internal energy, enthalpy and specific heat. Conversion efficiency of direct cycles and efficiency of refrigeration and heat pump cycles. Statements of the second principle of thermodynamics.
Entropy concept and entropy analysis - Concept of exergy and exergetic analysis
psychrometrics
Ideal gases and pure substances
Ideal gases: equation of state; specific heats; evaluation of internal energy and enthalpy. Pure substances: state of aggregation of matter, phase transitions, definition of heat of vaporization / condensation.
Homogeneous Systems - Wet air - Thermodynamic transformations of humid air and environmental conditioning
Thermodynamic properties of moist air, psychrometric diagrams, technical transformations of moist air.
Examples of thermodynamic cycles of winter and summer air-conditioning systems and mixed air-water systems
Thermo-hygrometric wellbeing concept and environmental thermal loads
HEAT TRANSFER IN STATIONARY CONDITIONS
CONDUCTION: Fourier law - General conduction equation - Stationary conduction - Stationary monodimensional conduction without heat generation: flat, cylindrical and spherical walls with constant or variable thermal conductivity with temperature - Flat, cylindrical and spherical composite walls with thermal conductivity constant - Electrical analogy - Global heat exchange coefficient for flat and cylindrical geometries - Critical thickness of an insulation material - Stationary monodimensional conduction with heat generation
CONVECTION: forced convection, natural and mixed - Numbers of Nusselt, Prandtl and Grashof - Basic equations of non-isothermal motion - Dimensional analysis.
RADIATIVE HEAT EXCHANGE: Thermal Radiation and Light Radiation - Fundamental quantities: monochromatic, angular and integral emission power - Laws of irradiation: of Lambert, of Planck, of Wien, of Stefan-Boltzmann - Coefficients of reflection, transmission and absorption - Black bodies - Bodies grays and real bodies - Emissivity - Kirchoff's law - Radiosity - Factors of sight - Relationships between the factors of view: of reciprocity, of additivity and of closure - Heat exchange between black surfaces - Heat exchange between gray surfaces.
BASES OF THE HEAT TRANSFER IN TRANSIENT CONDITIONS
HEATING SYSTEMS
Types and main elements of a hot water heating system. Radiant panels and radiator systems
WATER-SANITARY SYSTEMS
Needs assessment. Direct and indirect production of hot water.
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
Types Summer and winter conditioning processes. Outline of ventilation and its flushing schemes. Types of flushing and casting. Types of systems for civil air conditioning.
The air handling units. The distribution channels and the air diffusers.
Calculation of summer thermal loads: simplified methods. Fundamentals of air quality in confined spaces (Indoor Air Quality, IAQ). Current legislation on the matter
NOTES ON RENEWABLES AND PLANTS THAT INTEGRATE AND USE RENEWABLE ENERGIES
ENERGY SAVING AND ENERGY CERTIFICATION OF BUILDINGS
Notes on CAM. Outline of LEED energy certification. The building-plant system. criteria for maximizing the insulation of the building envelope. Maximization of the efficiency of the plant system. Use of renewable energy sources: solar energy. Heat pumps. The reference legislation on the energy certification of buildings. Notes on the methods of calculation and evaluation of energy certification.
Sustainable Development Goals 2030 - Last names H-Z